What does the term 'unduly' imply in its usage?

The term "unduly" implies a sense of something being excessive or inappropriate, particularly in regard to an established norm or standard. When something is described as unduly, it suggests that it exceeds reasonable limits or expectations. Therefore, when used in context, "unduly" typically conveys that an action, feeling, or condition is not just excessive, but inappropriate for the situation. This aligns perfectly with the definition of "inappropriately excessive," making it the correct choice.

Other options do not capture the nuance of what "unduly" conveys. For instance, "properly justified" would indicate that an action or state is warranted or legitimate, which contradicts the implication of being excessive. "Regulated and constrained" suggests control and moderation, opposite to the notion of being excessive or inappropriate. Lastly, "routinely acceptable" implies an action or state is commonly and generally accepted, which again misses the mark of excessiveness that "unduly" signifies. Thus, the choice denoting "inappropriately excessive" captures the essence of the term "unduly."